Modernization is linked to urbanisation and industrialisation. It is driven both by economic development and education. It is both a process over which people may have little control and one in which the traditional ties of community and family are loosened. Early industrial countries such as Britain and Germany were supplanted as models in the twentieth century by the USA and later the USSR. Totalitarian regimes have often sought to reverse or combat national decline and promote rapid development, although industrialisation typically carried more value in communist than fascist ideology.